水稻资源全生育期耐盐性鉴定筛选

对来自国内外不同地区的550份水稻资源进行全生育期耐盐性鉴定。设置淡水、0.3%和0.5%盐溶液浇灌3个处理,插秧10d后,通过浇灌不同体积的淡水与海水调至设计浓度对水稻进行不同浓度的盐胁迫处理。分别调查了淡水及0.3%盐处理下水稻株高、有效分蘖数、主穗长度、主穗结实率、单株产量、抽穗期6项农艺性状和0.5%盐处理下的水稻耐盐表型。与淡水浇灌相比,全生育期在0.3%盐溶液处理下,550份水稻(100%)株高显著降低;124份(22.55%)水稻有效分蘖数(90份增加, 34份减少)、414份(75.27%)水稻主穗长度(405份变短、9份增长)、145份(26.36%)水稻主穗结实率(84份减少, 61份增加)、375份(68.18%)水稻单株产量(343份减少, 32份增加)存在(极)显著差异;水稻资源的抽穗期无显著差异。主成分分析表明,主穗结实率、有效分蘖数及单株产量3项性状累计贡献77.25%的变异。根据产量耐盐系数筛选了121份耐盐水稻资源(产量耐盐系数≥0.8),在0.5%盐胁迫持续处理42 d后,筛选了78份耐盐水稻资源(耐盐表型为3级),其中25份水稻资源全生育期在0.3%盐处理下单株产量耐盐系数≥0.8,在0.5%盐胁迫持续处理42 d后的耐盐表型为3级。筛选的耐盐水稻资源为培育耐盐新品种及深入研究耐盐机制提供材料。     

烤烟EMS诱变后代高香气突变体筛选

为筛选高香气且品质较优的烤烟后代,以中烟100为材料,采用EMS诱变技术对中烟100种子进行处理,筛选出2个叶面腺毛密度大的突变体材料,通过田间试验,对其叶面腺毛密度、叶面化学成分、烤后化学成分、香气物质含量和感官质量评吸等指标进行评估,并与正常中烟100后代和NC89进行对照。研究结果表明,EMS-2诱变株系腺毛密度最大,为65.55个/mm ²,分别是中烟100（37.19个/mm ²）和NC89（56.06个/mm ²）的1.8和1.2倍;叶面化学成分分析结果表明,EMS-1诱变株系西柏烷类和烷烃类含量最多,分别为57.18、5.16mg/m ²,EMS-2突变株系蔗糖酯类物质分泌较旺盛,含量最多,为0.33mg/m ²;烤后样化学成分分析结果表明,EMS-2突变株系化学成分含量较协调,且香气成分含量最多,达到890.32μg/g,分别比中烟100和NC89增加34.5%和29.0%;结合对诱变后代的感官评价,得出结论：诱变株系综合品质较好,可提高烟叶质量,EMS-2综合品质最好,可以作为待选株系进行下一步品种选育。     

历史街区街道界面景观要素及保护策略研究——以青岛鱼山历史文化街区为例

指出了历史文化街区是人类文明的“活化石”,是人类历史文化遗迹和日常生活的重要空间载体。历史文化街区的街道景观是街道展示景观的主要载体,通过对街道界面景观要素的提取、归纳与总结,得出街道界面景观要素由底界面、侧界面以及顶界面三大核心要素组成,并将其应用到鱼山历史文化街区街道景观内进行了分析研究,提出了一些保护策略。旨在进一步了解历史文化街区街道界面景观要素构成,为历史文化街区景观的保护提供更加清晰的思路。     

利用氦氖激光诱变提高枯草芽孢杆菌纤溶酶活力的研究

通过诱变筛选纤溶酶活性高的枯草芽孢杆菌菌株,得到突变株HDBF-N7HN5。使用氦氖激光诱变,设置不同的诱变时间,通过不同的蛋白平板处理,筛选高产突变株并检测纤溶酶活力。实验结果表明,在氦氖激光诱变处理45 min后,最高产突变株纤溶酶活力达到429.89±5.74 IU/mL。突变株经过10次传代培养后,保持稳定的高产纤溶酶特性。纤溶酶粗酶液处理血凝块的绝对溶解率可达到57.74±0.72%,10倍稀释液处理血凝块的绝对溶解率也能达到26.89±0.68%,菌株产生的纤溶酶具有良好的体外溶栓效果。本研究结果既提高了微生物纤溶酶活性,也为该菌株产纤溶酶的产业化提供了依据。     

钾肥和硅肥对油用亚麻茎秆抗倒伏特性的影响

为了优化油用亚麻抗倒伏的肥料运筹措施,以‘陇亚11号’和‘定亚23号’为试验材料,通过裂区设计,研究了钾肥（不施钾、52.5 kg K₂O/hm²和105 kg K₂O /hm² 3个水平）和硅肥（不施硅和90 kg SiO₂/hm² 2个水平）用量对油用亚麻茎秆形态学、力学抗倒伏特性及产量的影响。结果表明：‘陇亚11号’的株高、重心高度及茎粗、壁厚、抗折力均显著大于‘定亚23号’,茎秆形态学及力学抗倒伏特性的综合影响下,‘陇亚11号’较‘定亚23号’倒伏率提高21.24%而产量降低9.43%。钾肥显著改善了抗倒的茎秆表观形态学特性,施钾后茎粗、壁厚、茎秆抗折力、抗倒伏指数提高而株高和重心高度降低,千粒重和籽粒产量分别提高7.35%和9.34%。硅肥对茎秆形态学、力学特性及籽粒产量均无主效应,但硅肥与钾肥的互作使茎粗显著增加。抗倒伏指数与茎粗、壁厚呈显著正相关,与株高、重心高度呈显著负相关。品种间的茎秆抗倒伏特性差异较大,施用钾肥显著改善了抗倒的茎秆表观形态学特性,优化了茎秆机械性能,增强了油用亚麻的抗倒伏能力;供钾量较低时,硅肥与钾肥对茎粗的互作正效应明显。     

混合盐胁迫对马蔺幼苗根系构型及生长量的影响

为探讨不同种类盐胁迫对马蔺幼苗生长状况的影响,采用室内培养的方法,研究总质量浓度为0.3%的NaCl、NaHCO₃单盐溶液及其不同配比的混合盐溶液胁迫对马蔺(Iris lactea var. chinensis)幼苗生长量、地上部干鲜重比值、地下部干鲜重比值以及根系构型的影响。结果表明,随着胁迫时间的延长,0.3%NaCl溶液对叶数和株高增长量的影响最小,其次为3种混合盐溶液,各处理在第14天时株高增幅达到最大。经0.3%NaHCO₃处理后的幼苗地上部干鲜重的比值为空白对照的2.17倍,地下部干鲜重则为空白对照的56.61%,随着混合溶液中NaHCO₃浓度的上升,地上部干鲜重比值表现出上升的趋势,地下部干鲜重比值则表现出下降的趋势。经35天处理后,0.3%NaHCO₃胁迫的马蔺幼苗根系总长、根系表面积较对照均显著下降,降幅分别为39.73%、26.08%,而各处理间的根系体积却无显著差异。研究结果显示,0.3%NaHCO₃溶液对马蔺幼苗的胁迫作用最强,2种单盐对根系的胁迫作用强于混合盐胁迫,而0.3%NaCl溶液对生长量的胁迫作用最弱。     

播期对直播水稻产量、花后各器官干物质和氮素积累及转运的影响

为探究播期对直播水稻产量、花后干物质和氮素积累与转运的影响,以水稻品种白粳1号、长白9号和龙粳31号为供试材料,设置3个播期（SD1、SD2和SD3）,比较不同播期条件下3个品种的产量、抽穗期和成熟期各器官干物质及氮素积累与转运特点。3个品种抽穗期和成熟期各器官干物质及氮素积累量、抽穗至成熟期各器官干物质及氮素转运量和产量均表现为SD2>SD3>SD1。相关分析表明,产量与成熟期穗干物质及氮素积累量呈显著正相关,与叶片干物质和氮素转运量呈显著正相关。在本试验条件下,播期的推迟提高了3个品种有效穗数及结实率,进而提高了产量,同时促进了各器官物质转运量与转运率的提高。各品种SD2处理的产量及花后干物质、氮素积累量最高,SD2为适宜播期。     

沙柳多元醇液化产物流变性能的研究

沙柳木粉在液化剂和催化剂的作用下制成的液化产物可生产制作聚氨酯、环氧树脂、胶黏剂等。研究沙柳液化产物的流变性能,可探索宏观流变性质与液体微观内部反应机理之间的关系,优化设备结构和加工工艺条件,对其高效利用有着重大意义。本试验将沙柳木粉在浓硫酸催化条件下进行多元醇液化,通过改变液化处理条件(反应时间、反应温度和催化剂用量)制备具有不同流变性能的沙柳液化产物。利用旋转型流变仪对所制备的沙柳液化产物进行流变性能测试和分析。沙柳木粉液化条件的单因素试验和正交试验分析结果表明:影响沙柳液化产物黏度的主要因素是反应时间,其次是反应温度和催化剂用量,最佳工艺条件为反应时间70 min、反应温度170℃、催化剂用量5%。在最佳工艺条件下,剪切速率为78.87 s-1时,黏度为0.26 Pa·s。红外光谱(FT-IR)分析得出,液化物中纤维素被大量降解,半纤维素和木质素部分降解,羟基增加,生成更多的反应活性官能团,此条件下液化反应更加充分,流体黏度较大。流变性能测试结果显示:稳态扫描测试时,黏度随剪切速率的增加逐渐减小,表现出剪切变稀的现象;剪切应力随着剪切速率的增加逐渐升高,表现出假塑性流体的性质。通过动态频率扫描曲线变化规律分析,储能模量和损耗模量随着角频率的升高而逐渐增加,复数黏度却随之减小。     

Analyzing the spatial allocation of Japan’s aid to China: A perspective from the relations between aid allocation stakeholders

While the spatial distribution of foreign aid has aroused a widespread academic interest, the existing research is limited mainly to the transnational level and lacks an analysis of aid allocation within a single recipient country. Moreover, more attention is paid to the factors influencing the aid allocation than to the interactions among different aid allocation stakeholders. To fill the research blank, this paper proposes a “three-party relationship model” to analyze the spatial allocation of aid within a recipient county, and uses the case of Japan's aid to China to validate the model. We find most of the aid has been allocated to the economic infrastructure, over time, and the key aid sector has shifted from economic infrastructure to social infrastructure and general environmental protection; The allocation characteristics of total aid and key aid sectors are various; The spatial allocation pattern of aid reflects an interaction between the donor (Japan) and the recipient country (China). The degree of importance of each aid allocation stakeholder is different at different stages of the total life cycle of aid, and the aid allocation stakeholder relationship in the three-party relationship model may be constantly reshaped during the allocation processes of aid in space.     

Seaweed polysaccharide mitigates intestinal barrier dysfunction induced by enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli through NF-κB pathway suppression in porcine intestinal epithelial cells

This study aimed to investigate the protective effects and underlying mechanism of seaweed polysaccharide (SWP) on intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction induced by E. coli in an IPEC-J2 model. A preliminary study was done to screen optimum SWP concentrations by cell viability, cytotoxicity, apoptosis and proliferation evaluation. The regular study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of SWP against E. coli challenge via the analysis of transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER), tight junction proteins, NF-κB signalling pathway, proinflammatory cytokines and the E. coli adhesion and invasion. Our results show that 4 h E. coli challenge down-regulated tight junction proteins expression, decreased TEER, activated NF-κB signalling pathway and increased proinflammatory response, which indicates that the E. coli infection model was well-established. Pre-treatment with 240 μg/ml SWP for 24 h alleviated the 4 h E. coli -induced intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction, as evidenced by the up-regulated expression of Occludin, Claudin-1 and ZO-1 at both mRNA and protein level and the increased TEER of IPEC-J2 cells. Pre-incubation with 240 μg/ml SWP for 24 h inhibited the activation of the NF-κB signalling pathway by 4 h E. coli challenge, including the decreased mRNA expression of TLR-4, MyD88, IκBα, p-65, as well as the reduced ratio of protein expression of p-p65/p65. Also, pre-treatment with 240 μg/ml SWP for 24 h decreased proinflammatory response (IL-6 and TNF-α) induced by 4 h E. coli challenge and decreased the E. coli adhesion and invasion. In conclusion, SWP mitigated intestinal barrier dysfunction caused by E. coli through NF-κB pathway in IPEC-J2 cells and 240 μg/ml SWP exhibited better effect. Our results also provide a fundamental basis for SWP in reducing post-weaning diarrhoea of weaned piglets, especially under E. coli -infected or in-feed antibiotic-free conditions.